Down syndrome also known as trisomy 21 is a common genetic disorder. Children with Down syndrome are seen to have multiple medical problems of which sleep disorders are common. Which sleep disorder is very common in patients with Down syndrome?…

Tonsils and adenoids are like lymph nodes in the other part of the body. The tonsils can be seen in the back of our throat as two small oval lumps one on each side as in the image. The adenoids…

Bacterial bronchitis or Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause for chronic wet cough in children especially under the age of five years. The most common organisms responsible for bacterial bronchitis are non-typable Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella…

Foreign-body aspiration is a common occurrence in children especially less than 5 years of age. Foreign-body aspiration can lead to a life-threatening event that requires urgent removal of the foreign body. However, in many cases the diagnosis gets delayed when…

Corticosteroids or commonly referred to as steroids, are a type of anti-inflammatory drug. Steroids are drugs that closely resemble cortisol, a hormone is produced by the adrenal glands. Steroids work by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune…

Cough-variant asthma is a type of bronchial asthma in which the main symptom is a dry, non-productive cough. Children with cough-variant asthma do not have "classic" asthma symptoms, such as heavy breathing, wheezing or shortness of breath. Since the classic…

The tuberculosis (TB) bacteria can be resistant to one or multiple used first line medicines. Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis or MDR-TB, a form of tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to two of the most potent anti-TB drugs (rifampicin and isoniazid). Sometimes…

Living with Pet allergy Many kids and adults are allergic to their pet dogs or cats. These children and adults suffer from allergies such as asthma, allergic nose or rhinitis and eye allergies or allergic conjunctivitis. The obvious way is…

Croup is an infection of the breathing airways of the child. Children with croup develop swelling of the voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea) and bronchial tubes (bronchi). Croup leads to fever, cough and breathing difficulty. What is the cause of…

Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) leads to significant problems in children but is under-recognized and frequently overlooked. Numerous research has shown that children with Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) can have effects related to behavioral, neurologic, and medical domains. Obstructive Sleep apnea…

We all spend quite a lot of time at our home indoors. The indoor environment is very important and has a lot of impact on children's allergies and asthma. Reducing triggers and allergens can help to make your child’s asthma…

Indoor allergens are the most important cause of respiratory allergies like asthma, nasal allergy and eye allergy. Most common indoor aeroallergens are house dust mites, pet dander, moulds and cockroaches. Of these indoor allergens dust mites appear to be the…

Many children, adolescents and young adults with asthma have symptoms when they exercise. These symptoms could be cough, breathlessness, chest pain or tightness. But some children especially adolescents () have these symptoms only during or after exercise. This condition is…

House dust mites are microscopic arthropods and their estimated size is approximately 1/4 to 1/3 millimeters. House dust mites hence cannot be seen with our naked eyes and can be seen only with a microscope. House dust mites are the…

Allergies like allergic nose or allergic rhinitis, allergic eye or conjunctivitis, allergic skin or atopic eczema and chest allergies like bronchial asthma are quite common. Almost 15-20% of children suffer from allergies. Some children with allergies and asthma have bothersome…

Adenoids are like lymph nodes at the back of the nose and are thought to help the body in fighting infections. Adenoid hypertrophy or enlarged adenoids is the unusual growth of the adenoids. Adenoid hypertrophy can cause an obstruction of…